CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2026-27

The CBSE Class 12 Maths syllabus 2026-27 carries subject code 041 and features an 80-mark theory paper plus a 20-mark internal assessment. Verified against the official CBSE curriculum document on cbseacademic.nic.in on 2026-07-13, the structure sets Calculus as the highest-scoring unit, holding 35 out of 80 marks, making it the most critical section for board exam preparation.

Course Structure: Units and Marks Distribution

The board exam theory paper consists of six units totalling 80 marks. The marks distribution, sourced directly from the official syllabus, shows a steep concentration in Calculus. (NCERT, p. 7)

Calculus carries 43.75% of the theory marks, which dictates strict study priority. If you secure full marks in Unit III, you are safely through more than two-fifths of the written exam by margin alone. Prioritising this section provides stability for the remaining subjects.

Chapter-wise Study Material

Chapter-wise study material for every unit above:

Detailed Unit-wise Topics in the Syllabus

Below is the exact topic scope mandated by the official CBSE document. Use this to ensure no sub-topic is missed during revision. (NCERT, pp. 7-9)

Unit I: Relations and Functions (08 Marks)

• Relations and Functions: Types of relations (reflexive, symmetric, transitive, and equivalence), one-to-one and onto functions.
• Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Definition, range, domain, principal value branch, and graphs of inverse trigonometric functions.

Unit II: Algebra (10 Marks)

• Matrices: Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose. Symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices. Operations: addition, multiplication, and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication and invertible matrices.
• Determinants: Determinant of square matrices (up to 3×3), minors, co-factors, area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse. Consistency, inconsistency, and solving linear equations using the inverse of a matrix.

Unit III: Calculus (35 Marks)

• Continuity and Differentiability: Chain rule, derivatives of composite and inverse trigonometric functions, implicit functions. Exponential and logarithmic functions. Second-order derivatives.
• Applications of Derivatives: Rate of change, increasing/decreasing functions, maxima and minima (first and second derivative tests).
• Integrals: Integration as inverse of differentiation. Substitution, partial fractions, and parts. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Properties of definite integrals.
• Application of Integrals: Area under simple curves, specifically lines, circles, parabolas, and ellipses in standard form.
• Differential Equations: Order, degree, general and particular solutions. Separation of variables, homogeneous differential equations. Solutions of linear differential equations of the type \( \frac{dy}{dx} + py = q \).

Unit IV: Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry (14 Marks)

• Vectors: Magnitude and direction, direction cosines/ratios. Types of vectors, position vector, components. Addition, scalar multiplication. Scalar (dot) and vector (cross) products.
• Three-Dimensional Geometry: Direction cosines/ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian and vector equations of a line, skew lines, shortest distance, angle between lines.

Unit V: Linear Programming (05 Marks)

• Linear Programming: Constraints, objective function, optimization. Graphical method of solution in two variables, feasible/infeasible regions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).

Unit VI: Probability (08 Marks)

• Probability: Conditional probability, multiplication theorem, independent events, total probability, and Bayes’ theorem.

Class 12 Maths Exam Pattern 2026-27

The theory paper tests three cognitive levels rather than chapter-by-chapter quotas. The official document states that no chapter-wise weightage is applied to questions; coverage spans the entire syllabus. A 33% internal choice is provided across all sections. (NCERT, p. 10)

Internal Assessment Marks Split

The remaining 20 marks are entirely controlled by your school. Split evenly, these marks rely on periodic testing and mathematics activities. (NCERT, pp. 10-12)

Periodic Tests Grading Rule

The official CBSE document discloses a specific conversion rule: schools conduct three periodic tests, convert the weightage of each test to ten marks, identify the best two scores, and average them for the final PT grade. (NCERT, p. 11)

Mathematics Activities Breakdown

• Activities performed and a record kept throughout the year: 5 marks
• Assessment during the year-end test: 3 marks
• Viva-voce: 2 marks

Note: The CBSE document directs schools to refer to the NCERT Lab Manual for activity guidelines.

Deletions and Changes in the 2026-27 Syllabus

The official CBSE curriculum document for 2026-27 does not list any specific deletions or rationalised content for Class 12 Mathematics, indicating the syllabus stands exactly as printed. A verified ‘no change’ status is highly valuable, as it saves time searching for dropped chapters. You must prepare all six units as listed above. For the most current academic updates, you can review the

official CBSE Secondary and Senior Secondary Curriculum archive. You can also access concept-specific resources through our Class 12 Mathematics notes and Class 12 CBSE notes silos to accelerate your preparation.

Mathematics vs Applied Mathematics (Code 241)

The official CBSE scheme of studies prohibits students from taking both standard Mathematics (041) and Applied Mathematics (241) simultaneously. (NCERT, p. 9)

• Mathematics (041): Focuses on pure mathematics, designed for students pursuing engineering, physical sciences, and biological sciences.
• Applied Mathematics (241): Focuses on numerical application, tailored for students pursuing commerce, social sciences, and economics.

Choose the subject that aligns with your higher education stream, as the combination of both is officially restricted. If you need broader revision materials, explore our CBSE notes directory.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is CBSE Class 12 Maths syllabus reduced for 2026-27?

No, the official curriculum document does not list any deletions or rationalised content for the 2026-27 session. The syllabus remains complete as printed.

Which unit holds the highest marks in the CBSE Class 12 Maths syllabus?

Unit III (Calculus) holds 35 marks, which is 43.75% of the 80-mark theory paper.

How are the 20 internal assessment marks divided in Class 12 Maths?

Periodic Tests account for 10 marks (the average of the best two tests out of three), while Mathematics Activities account for 10 marks (5 for yearly record, 3 for the year-end activity test, and 2 for viva-voce).

Can I study both Mathematics and Applied Mathematics in Class 12?

No, the CBSE subject combination rules explicitly state that Mathematics (041) and Applied Mathematics (241) cannot be taken together.

Reference: CBSE Class 12 Mathematics curriculum document, session as stated on cbseacademic.nic.in.