The 8th class maths textbook pdf — the official NCERT Class 8 Mathematics book — is on this page: all 13 chapters, each published as its own official PDF by NCERT. The download table below holds every chapter file of the current edition.
This page also tells you what is inside the book before you open it: 13 chapters across 170 printed pages, 104 named sections, and the exercise-question count of every chapter. A student revising one topic can see in a single screen which chapter carries it and how much work it demands.
Download the 8th Class Maths Textbook PDF (Official NCERT Chapters)
Every link below is NCERT’s own file on ncert.nic.in. These are the official chapter PDFs (hemh101 to hemh113), each downloadable separately, so you can open one chapter at a time — Chapter 1, Rational Numbers is a quick way to check the format.
| Ch. | Chapter | Pages | Official PDF |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rational Numbers | 14 | |
| 2 | Linear Equations in One Variable | 6 | |
| 3 | Understanding Quadrilaterals | 16 | |
| 4 | Data Handling | 14 | |
| 5 | Squares and Square Roots | 20 | |
| 6 | Cubes and Cube Roots | 8 | |
| 7 | Comparing Quantities | 14 | |
| 8 | Algebraic Expressions and Identities | 10 | |
| 9 | Mensuration | 18 | |
| 10 | Exponents and Powers | 8 | |
| 11 | Direct and Inverse Proportions | 16 | |
| 12 | Factorisation | 12 | |
| 13 | Introduction to Graphs | 14 |
The Class 8 Maths Book at a Glance
Here is the whole book in one screen:
- 13 chapters in the official NCERT Class 8 Mathematics book
- 170 printed pages in total
- 104 named sections across those 13 chapters
- 13 official chapter PDFs, all linked above
- All 13 chapters have a directory entry on this page, with chapter study-page status shown below it
For revision, the 13 chapters fall into five working groups. Revising one topic, open the chapters of its group together.
| Working group | Chapters in the group |
|---|---|
| Number system | Chapters 1, 5, 6, 10 |
| Algebra | Chapters 2, 8, 12 |
| Geometry and measurement | Chapters 3, 9 |
| Data and graphs | Chapters 4, 13 |
| Ratio, percentage and proportion | Chapters 7, 11 |
What’s Inside Each Chapter of the NCERT Class 8 Maths Book
The directory below counts what the book contains. A section is one of NCERT’s numbered headings; a question is an exercise counted from the chapter’s end; the activities column shows none in every chapter, because the book sets its practice as end-of-chapter exercises rather than in separate activity sections.
| Ch. | Chapter | Sections | Activities | Figures | Questions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rational Numbers | 8 | — | — | 3 |
| 2 | Linear Equations in One Variable | 3 | — | — | 10 |
| 3 | Understanding Quadrilaterals | 15 | — | — | 29 |
| 4 | Data Handling | 9 | — | — | 19 |
| 5 | Squares and Square Roots | 11 | — | — | 39 |
| 6 | Cubes and Cube Roots | 6 | — | — | 6 |
| 7 | Comparing Quantities | 7 | — | — | 20 |
| 8 | Algebraic Expressions and Identities | 10 | — | — | 15 |
| 9 | Mensuration | 12 | — | — | 29 |
| 10 | Exponents and Powers | 5 | — | — | 13 |
| 11 | Direct and Inverse Proportions | 3 | — | — | 23 |
| 12 | Factorisation | 12 | — | — | 13 |
| 13 | Introduction to Graphs | 3 | — | — | 8 |
Chapter 1: Rational Numbers
Where the number system starts, Chapter 1 builds the properties of rational numbers — closure, commutativity, associativity and distributivity — along with the roles of zero and one, and closes with 3 questions, the lightest load in the book.
Chapter 2: Linear Equations in One Variable
The shortest chapter in the book at 6 pages, it is also the book’s first algebra: solving equations having the variable on both sides and reducing equations to simpler form, with 10 questions practising the balancing method across the chapter’s three named sections.
Chapter 3: Understanding Quadrilaterals
The chapter runs from convex and concave polygons and the sum of the measures of the exterior angles of a polygon to the kinds of quadrilaterals — trapezium, kite, parallelogram, and the special parallelograms, rhombus, rectangle and square — and its 15 named sections are the most in the book, carrying 29 questions.
Chapter 4: Data Handling
This chapter turns data into pictures and chances into numbers: circle graphs or pie charts and drawing them, then chance and probability with equally likely outcomes and outcomes as events, closing with 19 questions.
Chapter 5: Squares and Square Roots
The longest chapter in the book at 20 printed pages, it covers properties of square numbers, patterns in squares, Pythagorean triplets, then finding square roots by repeated subtraction, prime factorisation and the division method, plus square roots of decimals — and its 39 questions are the largest set in the book.
Chapter 6: Cubes and Cube Roots
A short companion to Chapter 5, it takes up cubes and their patterns, the smallest multiple that makes a perfect cube, and cube roots by prime factorisation, with 6 questions.
Chapter 7: Comparing Quantities
The money chapter opens by recalling ratios and percentages, applies them to finding discounts and estimation, covers sales tax, VAT and GST, then derives the compound interest formula in its own section and applies it — 20 questions.
Chapter 8: Algebraic Expressions and Identities
This is the mechanics chapter: addition and subtraction of algebraic expressions, multiplying a monomial by a monomial, by a polynomial and a polynomial by a polynomial — 15 questions, and the identities it establishes are the working tools Chapter 12 uses.
Chapter 9: Mensuration
For area and volume, this chapter teaches area of a polygon, solid shapes, surface area of cube, cuboid and cylinder and their volumes, plus the difference between volume and capacity — its 29 questions tie with Chapter 3 as the second-largest set behind Chapter 5’s.
Chapter 10: Exponents and Powers
A short, formula-driven chapter: powers with negative exponents, the laws of exponents, and standard form for expressing and comparing very small and very large numbers, with 13 questions.
Chapter 11: Direct and Inverse Proportions
The chapter runs on exactly two ideas — direct proportion and inverse proportion — developed with worked examples across the chapter’s three named sections, and its 23 questions mostly ask you to decide which kind applies.
Chapter 12: Factorisation
This chapter covers factorisation of algebraic expressions by the method of common factors, regrouping terms and identities, factors of the form \((x + a)(x + b)\), then division of algebraic expressions — 13 questions, using Chapter 8’s identities as its tools.
Chapter 13: Introduction to Graphs
The closing chapter looks at a line graph and its applications, with 8 questions across the chapter’s three named sections — it pairs naturally with Chapter 4’s pie charts and can be revised late without harming exam preparation.
Where to Study Each Chapter of the Class 8 Maths Book
Each chapter’s study page on this site works through the chapter section by section. Where a study page exists it is linked below.
Chapter-wise notes for this subject are not published yet. The unit-wise syllabus on this page is complete and verified against the official CBSE curriculum document.
How to Study the Class 8 Maths Book: A Working Order
The chapters are not independent; here is an order that builds each idea on the one before it.
- Chapter 1, Rational Numbers — start here: it sets the number-system base that every later chapter assumes.
- Chapter 2, Linear Equations in One Variable, then Chapter 8, Algebraic Expressions and Identities — the algebra spine; Chapter 8 supplies the multiplication skills the equations need.
- Chapter 12, Factorisation — take it straight after Chapter 8, because factorisation works by reversing Chapter 8’s identities.
- Chapter 5, Squares and Square Roots before Chapter 6, Cubes and Cube Roots — cubes repeat the same three methods on a larger scale.
- Chapter 10, Exponents and Powers — do it after the cube chapter, since both lean on prime factorisation.
- Chapter 7, Comparing Quantities before Chapter 11, Direct and Inverse Proportions — the ratio concepts from Chapter 7 feed the proportion problems in Chapter 11.
- Chapter 3, Understanding Quadrilaterals before Chapter 9, Mensuration — the shapes studied there carry the formulas of Chapter 9.
- Chapter 4, Data Handling and Chapter 13, Introduction to Graphs — this pair can be fitted in any time.
- In Chapter 7, compound interest is not simple interest. The chapter derives its own compound interest formula (Sections 7.4-7.6). If a question says ‘compounded’, reach for that formula, not simple interest.
- In Chapter 11, test which proportion applies before solving. Doubling one quantity: if the other doubles, it’s direct; if it halves, it’s inverse. Treating inverse proportion as direct proportion is the chapter’s standard mistake.
Textbook contents and the examinable syllabus are not always identical — check the current official syllabus before you plan revision.
Related NCERT Books for Class 8
This page covers Class 8 Mathematics only. For the other subjects of the class, see the Class 8 hub; for every class and subject, browse the complete list of NCERT books.
Sources and Data Verification
This listing is maintained for the 2026-27 academic session using the NCERT textbook information available to us. NCERT remains the authority for confirming the latest edition.
- The chapter counts, section lists and question counts on this page describe the NCERT Class 8 Mathematics textbook, official edition as published on ncert.nic.in.
- This listing covers Class 8 Mathematics only; it does not cover other Class 8 subjects or other classes.
- The listing is maintained for the NCERT Class 8 Mathematics edition currently available on ncert.nic.in.
- NCERT settles textbooks, editions and PDFs; CBSE settles curriculum, syllabus and examinations.
Reference: NCERT Class 8 Mathematics textbook, official edition on ncert.nic.in. Section titles quoted from the textbook.
Class 8 Maths Textbook: Common Questions
How many chapters are in the 8th class maths textbook?
The NCERT Class 8 Mathematics book has 13 chapters, from Rational Numbers (Chapter 1) to Introduction to Graphs (Chapter 13), across 170 printed pages. Every chapter PDF is in the download table above.
Is the 8th class maths textbook pdf free and official?
Yes. Every file on this page is NCERT’s own PDF, hosted free on ncert.nic.in — the same edition schools use. Chapters come as separate files (hemh101 to hemh113), so you can download only the one you need.
Which chapter of the Class 8 maths book covers compound interest?
Compound interest is in Chapter 7, Comparing Quantities, Sections 7.4 to 7.6 — Compound Interest, Deducing a Formula for Compound Interest, and Applications of the formula. Chapter 7 also covers ratios, percentages, discounts and GST.
Which chapters of the Class 8 maths book cover factorisation, identities and algebraic expressions?
Algebraic expressions and identities are Chapter 8; factorisation is Chapter 12. Study Chapter 8 first, because Chapter 12’s factorisation uses the identities taught there.
Which chapters of the Class 8 maths book deal with data handling, pie charts and graphs?
Data handling, pie charts and probability are Chapter 4. Line graphs are Chapter 13, Introduction to Graphs, which closes with applications of graphs.